Acta Gymnica 2015, 45(3):113-119 | DOI: 10.5507/ag.2015.017

The influence of different level of opponents on internal responses and external loads during small-sided games in soccer

Karel Hùlka, Radim Weisser, Jan Bìlka, Pavel Háp
Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic

Background: Small-sided games belong to specific training where exercise intensity can be manipulated mainly by modifying external factors. To ensure suitable usage of small-sided games in practice, we have to know the variables, which could influence internal responses and external loads.

Objective: The purpose of this work is to determine the influence of opponents of different levels on internal response and external load during a 4-a-side soccer game.

Methods: Twenty physical education and soccer coaching students (age 22.53 ± 1.02 years; body mass index 20.83 ± 2.13 kg ⋅ m-2; peak heart rate 195.26 ± 6.05 beats ⋅ min-1) participated in the study. Heart rate, distance covered, global rate of perceived exertion, and technical demands (passes, shots, steals, turnovers) were monitored. The participants were divided into two higher level teams and two lower level teams according to experts' perfomance ranking.

Results: The results showed significantly lower average heart rate achieved by higher level teams in the 4-a-side game against lower level opponents compared to against higher level teams. Then lower level teams reached significantly higher average heart rate in the 4-a-side game against higher level teams than in mutual lower level team 4-a-side game. We found out significantly higher distance covered by lower level teams in 4-a-side game against higher level teams than in lower level teams mutual 4-a-side game.

Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that the performance level of opponents influence internal and external load of the players. The higher level of opponents increases the work load of lower level teams.

Keywords: heart rate, specificity, tactical metabolic training, distance covered

Received: April 20, 2015; Accepted: June 21, 2015; Prepublished online: August 11, 2015; Published: September 30, 2015  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Hùlka, K., Weisser, R., Bìlka, J., & Háp, P. (2015). The influence of different level of opponents on internal responses and external loads during small-sided games in soccer. Acta Gymnica, 45(3), 113-119. doi: 10.5507/ag.2015.017
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Alexandre, D., da Silva, C. D., Hill-Haas, S., Wong, D. P., Natali, A. J., de Lima, J. R. P., & Karim, C. (2012). Heart rate monitoring in soccer: Interest and limits during competitive match play and training, practical application. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26, 2890-2906. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    2. Aslan, A. (2013). Cardiovascular responses, perceived exertion and technical actions during small-sided recreational soccer: Effects of pitch size and number of players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 38, 95-105. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    3. Bangsbo, J., Iaia, F. M., & Krustrup, P. (2008). The Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test: A useful tool for evaluation of physical performance in intermittent sports. Sports Medicine, 38, 37-51. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    4. Bangsbo, J., Mohr, M., & Krustrup, P. (2006). Physical and metabolic demands of training and match-play in the elite soccer player. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24, 665-674. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    5. Casamichana, D., & Castellano, J. (2010). Time-motion, heart rate, perceptual and motor behaviour demands in small-sides soccer games: Effects of pitch size. Journal of Sports Sciences, 28, 1615-1623. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    6. Castagna, C., Impellizzeri, F. M., Chaouachi, A., Ben Abdelkrim, N., & Manzi, V. (2011). Physiological responses to ball-drills in regional level male basketball players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29, 1329-1336. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    7. Castellano, J., Casamichana, D., & Dellal, A. (2013). Influence of game format and number of players on heart rate responses and physical demands in small-sided soccer games. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 27, 1295-1303. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    8. Coutts, A. J., Rampinini, E., Marcora, S. M., Castagna, C., & Impellizzeri, F. M. (2009). Heart rate and blood lactate correlates of perceived exertion during small-sided soccer games. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 12, 79-84. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    9. da Silva, C. D., Impellizzeri, F. M., Natali, A. J., de Lima, J. R. P., Bara, M. G., Silami-Garcia, E., & Marins, J. C. B. (2011). Exercise intensity and technical demands of small-sided games in young Brazilian soccer players: Effect of number of players, maturation, and reliability. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25, 2746-2751. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    10. Dellal, A., Hill-Haas, S., Lago-Penas, C., & Chamari, K. (2011). Small-sided games in soccer: Amateur vs. professional players' physiological responses, physical, and technical activities. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25, 2371-2381. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    11. Dellal, A., Varliette, C., Owen, A., Chirico, E. N., & Pialoux, V. (2012). Small-sided games versus interval training in amateur soccer players: Effects on the aerobic capacity and the ability to perform intermittent exercises with changes of direction. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26, 2712-2720. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    12. Fanchini, M., Azzalin, A., Castagna, C., Schena, F., Mccall, A., & Impellizzeri, F. M. (2011). Effect of bout duration on exercise intensity and technical performance of small-sided games in soccer. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25, 453-458. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    13. Gaitanos, G. C., Williams, C., Boobis, L. H., & Brooks, S. (1993). Human muscle metabolism during intermittent maximal exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology, 75, 712-719. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    14. Glaister, M. (2005). Multiple sprint work: Physiological responses, mechanisms of fatigue and the influence of aerobic fitness. Sports Medicine, 35, 757-777. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    15. Hill-Haas, S., Coutts, A., Rowsell, G., & Dawson, B. (2008). Variability of acute physiological responses and performance profiles of youth soccer players in small-sided games. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 11, 487-490. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    16. Hill-Haas, S. V., Dawson, B., Impellizzeri, F. M., & Coutts, A. J. (2011). Physiology of small-sided games training in football: A systematic review. Sports Medicine, 41, 199-220. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    17. Hill-Haas, S. V., Rowsell, G. J., Dawson, B. T., & Coutts, A. J. (2009). Acute physiological responses and time-motion characteristics of two small-sided training regimes in youth soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23, 111-115. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    18. Hoff, J., Wisloff, U., Engen, L. C., Kemi, O. J., & Helgerud, J. (2002). Soccer specific aerobic endurance training. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 36, 218-221. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    19. Hulka, K., Cuberek, R., & Svoboda, Z. (2014). Time-motion analysis of basketball players: A reliability assessment of Video Manual Motion Tracker 1.0 software. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32, 53-59. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    20. Impellizzeri, F. M., Marcora, S. M., Castagna, C., Reilly, T., Sassi, A., Iaia, F. M., & Rampinini, E. (2006). Physiological and performance effects of generic versus specific aerobic training in soccer players. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 27, 483-492. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    21. Koklu, Y., Ersoz, G., Alemdaroglu, U., Asc, A., & Ozkan, A. (2012). Physiological responses and time-motion characteristics of 4-a-side small-sided game in young soccerplayers: The influence of different team formation methods. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26, 3118-3123. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    22. Krustrup, P., Dvorak, J., Junge, A., & Bangsbo, J. (2010). Executive summary: The health and fitness benefits of regular participation in small-sided football games. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports, 20, 132-135. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    23. Krustrup, P., Mohr, M., Nybo, L., Jensen, J. M., Nielsen, J. J., & Bangsbo, J. (2006). The Yo-Yo IR2 test: Physiological response, reliability and application to elite soccer. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 38, 1666-1673. Go to original source...
    24. Little, T. (2009). Optimizing the use of soccer drills for physiological development. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 31(3), 67-74. Go to original source...
    25. Little, T., & Williams, A. G. (2006). Suitability of soccer training drills for endurance training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 20, 316-319. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    26. Mallo, J., & Navarro, E. (2007). Physical load imposed on soccer players during small-sided training games. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 48, 166-171.
    27. Manolopoulos, E., Kalapotharakos, V. I., Ziogas, G., Mitrotasios, M., Spaneas, K. S., & Tokmakidis, S. P. (2012).Heart rate responses during small-sided soccer games. Journal of Sports Medicine & Doping Studies, 2(2), 36-39. Go to original source...
    28. McMillan, K., Helgerud, J., Macdonald, R., & Hoff, J. (2005). Physiological adaptations to soccer specific endurance training in professional youth soccer players. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39, 273-277. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    29. Mohr, M., Krustrup, P., & Bangsbo, J. (2005). Fatigue in soccer: A brief review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23, 593-599. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    30. Rampinini, E., Impellizzeri, F. M., Castagna, C., Abt, G., Chamari, K., Sassi, A., & Marcora, S. M. (2007). Factors influencing physiological responses to small-sided soccer games. Journal of Sports Sciences, 25, 659-666. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    31. Reilly, T. (2005). An ergonomics model of the soccer training process. Journal of Sports Sciences, 23, 561-572. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    32. Sjokvist, J., Laurent, M. C., Richardson, M., Curtner-Smith, M., Holmberg, H. C., & Bishop, P. A. (2011). Recovery from high-intensity training sessions in female soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25, 1726-1735. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    33. Stolen, T., Chamari, K., Castagna, C., & Wisloff, U. (2005). Physiology of soccer: An update. Sports Medicine, 35, 501-536. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    34. Stone, N. M., & Kilding, A. E. (2009). Aerobic conditioning for team sport athletes. Sports Medicine, 39, 615-642. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...

    This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.


    Return to the content